1. Energy context 2030 

To meet the challenge of climate change and the commitments made by Argentina to decrease the CO2 emissions by 2030, drives to the country to change its energy mix to renewable sources. The energy transition accomplished so far runs the risk of stopping, that would lead to an energy crisis in the medium and long term. 

• Energy matrix current: A feature of high relevance to the energy matrix of Argentina lies in the high degree of dependence on hydrocarbons, and in particular natural gas. In the year 2018, the 87,5% offer total internal energy came from fossil fuels (58.4 per cent natural gas, 27,7% oil% and 1.4% carbon).  

Just a 10% correspond to renewable sources.  

 Source: Energy Scenarios 2030. National directorate of Scenarios and Planning of Energy, Secretary of Energy, November 2019. 

• Argentina submitted to the forthcoming Climate Summit (1 to 12 November in Scotland) a commitment to get to 30% share of renewables in its energy mix to 2030.  
• The Law 27.191 of Renewable Energy (enacted by the end of 2015 and regulated 2016) established the first legal framework and impetus for this kind of energy. The legislation was promoted programs Renew and Market in Term of Electrical Energy from Renewable Source (MATER) for the installation of wind farms and solar through investments and foreign technologies.  
• The Global Electricity Review of the Foundation, Ember warns that during the period 2015-2018a strong growth in the generation of wind and solar energy has contributed to the replacement of fossil fuels in Argentina. Specifically, wind and solar power increased from almost 0 % to 8 % from 2015. However, the momentum began to slow down from 2018 onwards, mainly due to obstacles in financing. Since that date, have not signed new contracts for generation for the renewable energy sector, it is for this reason that the capacity growth will stop just after starting to boot the change towards renewable energies.  
• The report also warns that the lack of transmission capacity and the current economic recession are key factors that hinder the expansion of wind and solar power in Argentina. The inaction from the year 2018 means that, despite the considerable cost reductions in technology, the future of the growth of the renewable energy in Argentina remains uncertain. A combination of macroeconomic factors, limited transmission capacity and the abundance of natural gas resources placed to Argentina at risk of slowing down the energy transition in the same way that it gained momentum. 
• The progress of the energy transition should focus on to reduce the contribution of the gas through the continuous deployment of clean energy technologies such as wind and solar. 
• China and India, are facing a growing energy crisis. In China, the shortage of energy is the result of a combination of factors, ranging from the construction boom after the pandemic, until the momentum of the government at the national level to reduce carbon emissions, which led to hundreds of coal mines to close or reduce production at the beginning of this year. 
• Oil and gas production: 2021 year began with the domestic production of hydrocarbons in free fall. In 2020, the pandemic gave the government a breather with the fall in energy demand. But the numbers show that the production of oil and gas collapsed more than the domestic demand; and the government ruled with the solutions implemented. The experts of the Argentine Institute of Energy “General Mosconi” predict that with the subsidies that are a result of the Plan Gas 4 December; and the tariffs already officially frozen and the increase of imports of the number in 2020 could be increased by between 40 and 50 % extra in 2021. As a result, the energy economy today is unworkable and unsustainable. 

Conclusion: If for 2030 Argentina fails to consolidate the transformation of the energy matrix, replacing oil and gas for clean sources of energy; the country will be forced to break its international commitments to contribute negatively to global warming, or face an energy crisis that is unprecedented.  

2. Patagonia, argentina: sovereignty alert

In front of the dispute or competition for areas of high strategic value, Patagonia argentina has become a white palatable to the control and exploitation of RRNN by actors, of a diverse nature. The lack of response of the National State against the criminal actions of radicalized groups in the region, committed to the full exercise of sovereignty in these latitudes. The advancement of these groups exacerbates the fragmentation and brings into play the territorial integrity.   

• Patagonia is a space considered strategic value because of its status as bi-oceanic corridor, and by the availability of strategic natural resources such as water, minerals and energy.  
• Situation in Argentina: the situation in our country is characterized by acts of violence against the private property on the part of radicalized groups, primarily of the RAM, and apply methods of “direct action” violent, starring in acts of sabotage, arson, and threats. 

Under the excuse of alleged claims of peoples “original”, began some years ago, to usurp the land, and to hinder the transportation, trade, and commit all sorts of crimes and attacks against persons and property in Patagonia. 

The facts recorded in the south are given every time more violent and have had a significant increase from 2016. 

The whites are property, crops, forests, vehicles, and machinery both individuals and companies of agriculture and forestry that have invested in the southern regions of Chile and Argentina. 

We declare the “war to Argentina and Chile”, ignoring the authority of the National State, the Constitution and the national and provincial laws. Even, they carry fire of argentine flag at public events. 

It is worth noting that the RAM differs markedly from those groups mapuche who populate Patagonia, which according to the 2010 Census, around 205.009 people were recognized as mapuches in the country. 

• RAM: Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche  

It is the group “armed” of the Lof (communities) and are those that make the actions more radicalized against mining, oil, forestry, and hydroelectric power.  

Recognized part of the Nation of Mapuche being defined in practice as a fragment of an autonomous movement, philosophical, political and social dedicated to the defense of the rights of indigenous mapuche by violent methods with the goal of achieving the “liberation of the nation of mapuche by the recovery of lands to exercise territorial control, and the self-defense”. 

Poses as central themes common to the idea of nation mapuche autonomy and territory as well as the right to rebellion, and even insurrection army for purposes such as separatism. 

The RAM coexists with other radicalized groups like the CAM (Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco), WAM (Weichan Aukå Mapu (the Fight of the Rebellious Territory) and the Alianza Territorial Mapuche Identity and Territorial Lafkenche (ITLA).  

According to information transcended in the media, members of the mapuche community in the area of Araucanía in Chile and the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut in Argentina, was being trained by members of the FARC. 

• Situation in Chile: currently, the situation in the southern regions of Chile is probably one of the most committed and violent in the last 20 years.  

Recently, President Piñera announced a state of emergency constitutional, in areas of Araucania and bio bio, “for the serious disruption of public order” and “to deal with the best instruments of terrorism, narcotics trafficking and organized crime that are rooted in these territories”. In that framework, provided for the sending of the Armed Forces to “the red zone” of the mapuche conflict in Chile. 

In the meantime, the leader chilean CAM, Héctor Llaitul has a long experience as a leader of the mapuche indigenous community in Chile, which triggered a political-military targets the forest industry and hydropower, which could serve as a “know-how” for a new organization. 

• Funding: it highlights the existence of a international network of lobbying and funding in the participating political leaders, Ngos, academics and students, which would be coordinated by the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (RAP), through organizations of influence in the world, primarily for its arrival to the United Nations.  

The funds are obtained through two schemes: institutional organisations involved in international cooperation, documentation centres dependent of universities -as the Documentation Centre of Mapuche Ñuke Mapu-, and Ngos, among others) and non-institutional networks of support pro-indigenist.  

To her, there are representatives of the mapuche community in the exterior: Rafael Railaff (the Netherlands), Reynaldo Mariqueo (England), Flower Rayen Calfunao Paillalef (UN-Switzerland). In this regard, the “Mapuche International Link”based in Bristol, has a team of british and arabs behind the fundraising strategy, armed causes for human rights and support the actions of violent groups in Argentina and Chile. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

• Energy Scenarios 2030. National directorate of Scenarios and Planning of Energy, Secretary of Energy, November 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.energia.gob.ar/contenidos/archivos/Reorganizacion/planeamiento/2019-11-14_SsPE-SGE_Documento_Escenarios_Energeticos_2030_ed2019_pub.pdf 

Jones, Dave (march 2021). Global Electricity Review 2021. Ember. Retrieved from: https://ember-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Global-Electricity-Review-2021-translation-spanish.pdf